In China, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Co.’s Geely Automobile, which reports earnings on Thursday, is trying to catch up to electric-vehicle leader BYD Co. In Europe, Volvo Car AB is caught in the midst of a trade conflict that’s tempered its global ambitions. And in the US, a lucrative market effectively closed to Chinese brands, New York-listed Polestar Automotive Holding and Lotus Technology Inc. have been reduced to penny stocks.
After more than a decade of expansion that started with the acquisition of Sweden’s Volvo in 2010, Li is now making cost-cutting the order of the day to stop the hemorrhaging at several of his carmakers. The shift was laid out in a document called the Taizhou Declaration, which called for consolidation, synergies and savings to eliminate redundancies across the group. Li first released it in Chinese, setting out broad terms of a new strategy meant to bolster his companies as EV demand sputters and tariff conflicts threaten sales.
“The Taizhou Declaration set forth a lot of changes in terms of organizational structure,” said Yale Zhang, the managing director of Shanghai-based consultancy Automotive Foresight. “Keeping so many brands with different marketing and distribution networks, these all add to costs.”
The Taizhou Declaration is similar in intent to the Ningbo Declaration in 2007, which kicked off Geely’s acquisition spree. This newer missive is meant to ensure the group’s continued long-term growth by increasing internal synergies and making better products, a Geely spokesperson said.
But whereas Geely indeed grew after Ningbo — buying Western brands such as Volvo, Lotus and a significant stake in Mercedes-Benz Group AG — one of Li’s first moves since Taizhou has been to consolidate. In November, he put plans in place to combine two similar brands — Zeekr and Lynk & Co — in a deal valuing the latter at $2.5 billion. The move was meant to create synergies while maintaining independent operations mostly at the front end.
According to Zhang, that makes sense. “If there’s overlap and competition between brands, that’s an unnecessary waste,” he said. “Especially in this age of EVs, when advanced driver-assistance and other technologies are going to require huge investment.”
Investor enthusiasm for electric-car stocks was high during Geely’s era of expansion. But the EV slowdown has made raising funds increasingly difficult, and that’s reflected in the valuation of companies within Li’s empire. The total market value of Geely’s five main listed entities, which include Hong Kong-traded Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. and Polestar, has plunged by around $75 billion from their peak.
Investors have come to realize there may be a messy middle for EV uptake after satiating early adopters. Swaying more drivers away from combustion-engine cars will require cheaper EVs, better charging infrastructure and likely more government sweeteners.
While EV sales are still growing — albeit at a slower pace — that hasn’t translated into profits for several of Geely’s businesses. Polestar, Zeekr and Lotus reported combined losses of $2.2 billion for the first three quarters of 2024. Volvo and Geely Auto brought in roughly $3 billion over the same period.
Not including Lotus, debt has also climbed at the four, to $8.1 billion as of June 30, from $5.3 billion at the end of 2021, Bloomberg-compiled data show.
The Taizhou Declaration, sometimes referred to as Li’s Little Red Book, gets its name from the Chinese billionaire’s hometown south of Shanghai, where Geely first started as a manufacturer of refrigerator parts.
It was conceived as a group effort, with as many as 50 executives writing sections of the draft and liaising with Li as bits were finalized, Geely Automobile Chief Executive Officer Daniel Li told Chinese magazine Caijing earlier this year. He may update investors on the strategy shift on March 20, when the carmaker reports 2024 earnings.
Polestar, Geely’s sporty sub-brand that’s deepest in the red, is also addressing its deficiencies. The company presented a new strategy to investors in January after coming off another year where sales fell short of than 50,000 cars — far from the 215,000 forecast in its prospectus three years ago.
At the briefing, Polestar delayed its target of reaching cash flow breakeven by another two years. Bernstein analyst Daniel Roeska expects the company will burn through another $3 billion before then.
Polestar also has been moving to a more traditional dealership model after previously taking a Tesla-like approach to retailing. It plans to bring down funding needs by reducing inventory and capital expenditures.
CEO Michael Lohscheller sees the carmaker as still adding value to the broader group because it’s a relatively established Western brand. “Bringing a Chinese brand to Europe or to the US is not that easy. So to have Polestar is really an asset,” he said.
Volvo also appears to be taking the Taizhou Declaration to heart. After reporting a drop in earnings for 2024, executives said the focus this year will be on cash preservation.
Not only is Volvo facing potential US tariffs, it’s also feeling the heat from the European Union’s higher levies on made-in-China EVs, which have hit its popular EX30. The electric sport utility vehicle is currently produced in China but will be made at Volvo’s factory in Ghent, Belgium, starting this year to sidestep the duties.
If US President Donald Trump imposes additional tariffs also on EU imports, Volvo will have to reassess the economics of producing the EX30 and other models in Europe for export to North America, Volvo CEO Jim Rowan said last month.
As a group, Geely’s sales last year reached 3.3 million vehicles, making it the 10th-largest automaker in the world. Li has set a goal of selling 5 million vehicles in 2027, which would be similar to what Jeep maker Stellantis NV and Ford Motor Co. delivered last year.
Bill Peng, an automotive consultant at Alvarez & Marsal, said the consolidation set out in the Taizhou Declaration is at least a step in the right direction.
“Things can change fast,” Peng said. “Competition dynamics may be different going forward.”
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First Published Date: 17 Mar 2025, 07:01 AM IST
