Myanmar earthquake: What we know


BBC Burmese Service A collapsed multi-storey building, surrounding by other buildings that appear to remain intactBBC Burmese Service

A collapsed multi-storey building in Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city

A huge earthquake has hit central Myanmar.

The magnitude-7.7 tremor was felt elsewhere, including in Thailand and south-west China.

Hundreds are feared dead, although it is difficult to obtain accurate information.

Here is what we know so far.

Where did the earthquake strike?

The earthquake’s epicentre was located 16km (10 miles) north-west of Myanmar’s city Sagaing, at a depth of about 10km, the US Geological Survey (USGS) said.

This is near the city of Mandalay, Myanmar’s second-largest city with a population of about 1.5 million people, and about 100km north of the capital Nay Pyi Taw.

Which areas were affected?

A graphic showing how the Myanmar earthquake was felt in India and Thailand.

In Myanmar, there are reports of roads buckling in the capital in addition to damage to buildings across the country.

Strong tremors were also felt elsewhere, including in Thailand and south-west China.

Eighty-one construction workers are missing after an unfinished high-rise building collapsed hundreds of miles away from the epicentre, in the Thai capital Bangkok.

A video also showed a rooftop pool in Bangkok spilling over the sides of a swaying building.

Watch: Water from Bangkok rooftop pool spills on to the street

How deadly was it?

It may be a while before official casualty figures become known, but a member of a rescue team based in Mandalay has told the BBC that the number of deaths there “is at least in the hundreds”.

“That’s all we can say right now because the rescue efforts are ongoing,” they added.

Moment Bangkok high-rise collapses following Myanmar earthquake

How hard is it to find out what’s happening in Myanmar?

Getting information out of Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, is difficult.

Myanmar has been ruled by a military junta since a coup in 2021, making access to information problematic.

The state controls almost all local radio, television, print and online media. Internet use is also restricted.

Mobile lines in the affected areas have been patchy since the quake struck, but tens of thousands of people also live without electricity, making it tough for the BBC to communicate with individuals on the ground.

Foreign journalists are also rarely allowed to enter officially due to a lack of press freedom.

What causes earthquakes?

The Earth’s crust is made up of separate bits, called plates, that nestle alongside each other.

These plates often try to move but are prevented by the friction of rubbing up against an adjoining one.

But sometimes the pressure builds until one plate suddenly jerks across, causing the surface to move.

They are measured on a scale called the Moment Magnitude Scale (Mw). This has replaced the better known Richter scale, now considered outdated and less accurate.

The number attributed to an earthquake represents a combination of the distance the fault line has moved and the force that moved it.

A tremor of 2.5 or less usually cannot be felt, but can be detected by instruments. Quakes of up to five are felt and cause minor damage. The Myanmar earthquake at 7.7 is classified as major and usually causes serious damage, as it has in this instance.

Anything above 8.0 causes catastrophic damage and can totally destroy communities at its centre.

A graphic showing how earthquakes are measured, with millions of estimated quakes of magnitude 2.5 or less each year and one or two of 8.0 or greater annually

How does this compare with other large earthquakes?

This earthquake and its aftershocks were relatively shallow – about 10km in depth.

That means the impact on the surface is likely to have been more devastating than a deeper earthquake, with buildings shaken much harder and more likely to collapse.

On 26 December 2004, one of the largest earthquakes ever recorded struck off the coast of Indonesia, triggering a tsunami that swept away entire communities around the Indian Ocean.

The 9.1 magnitude quake killed about 228,000 people.

The largest ever earthquake registered 9.5 and was recorded in Chile in 1960.

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